Pollution Impact on Malaysia’s Economic Growth

Pollution impact on economic growth is currently one of the major research areas in economic research. Malaysia’s urban environment has been regarded as the smallest polluted areas in Asia. But the aim of achieving an industrial country by the year 2020 and the related rapid economic development have inaugurated to increase industrial pollution and the degradation of urban surroundings. Reduction of air, water and industrial wastes pollution has turn to be more severe in Malaysia in recent years. This book contributes to the available literature on Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) by modifying and extending this model to include other variables ignored and uses simultaneous equation method. The pollutants’ emissions under consideration include Air pollution indicators were assessed on a number of measures: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3) and Particulate Matter (PM10). While water pollution indicators were assessed on a number of measures: Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Cadmium (CD) and Arsenic (AS). The income level per capita measured as real GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita.